1987年7月11日，前南斯拉夫的一个婴儿降生，被联合国象征性地认定为地球上第50亿个人，这一天因此成为“世界50亿人口日”。1990年，联合国将每年的7月11日定为“世界人口日”。

“世界人口日”前一个月的6月11日为“中国人口日”。根据国家统计局数据，截至2017年底，中国大陆总人口已达13.9亿，“14亿人口日”正在向我们走来。

人口的变化与我们的生活有哪些关系呢？事实上，当你抱怨出门堵车、看病排队的时候，作为社会一分子的你，正深切感受着人口发展带来的压力。

今天，小编就透过9个有趣的关键词，带你来看看“人口大数据”的奥秘！

June 11 marks China Population Day, which is a month ahead of World Population Day on July 11 every year. The day seeks to raise awareness of population issues the country is facing.

According to data from the country's National Bureau of Statistics, by the end of 2017, the total population of China's mainland had reached 1.39 billion, with the “Day of 1.4 Billion” on the way.

1.新生儿 Newborn

2017年我国全年出生人口1723万人，人口出生率为12.43‰。其中，“二孩”数量上升至883万；“二孩”占全部出生人口的比重达到51.2%。这是自2016年我国正式实施“全面二孩”生育政策以来，首次出现“二孩”出生数占比超50%，并超过“一孩”出生数。

Statistics also show that some 17.23 million newborns were recorded nationwide last year, down by 630,000 compared with a year ago.

Yet despite the overall decline, the country saw more than 8.83 million babies born to families that already had one child. The proportion of babies born as a second child in 2017 rose to 51.2 percent — the highest since the 1980s, according to the figures.

2.老龄化 Aging population

全国老龄办统计数据显示，截至2017年底，我国60岁及以上老年人口达2.41亿人，占总人口的17.3%；预计到2050年前后，我国老年人口数将达到峰值4.87亿，占总人口的34.9%……中国是目前世界上唯一老年人口超过两亿的国家，“银发浪潮”带来的“养老问题”将成为全社会的课题。

Statistics from China National Committee on Aging (CNCA) show that by the end of 2017, the number of elderly people aged 60 and above in China reached 241 million, accounting for 17.3 percent of the total population.

The number of senior citizens in China is expected to peak at 487 million by 2050, accounting for 34.9 percent of the population. China is currently the only country in the world with an elderly population of more than 200 million people.

3. 城市人口 Urban population

国家统计局数据显示，截至2017年年末，我国城镇常住人口突破8亿，占总人口比重（城镇化率）为58.52%，比上年末提高1.17个百分点。专家认为，我国常住人口城镇化率距离发达国家80%的平均水平还有差距，巨大的城镇化潜力将为经济发展持续释放动能。

Statistics also show that by the end of 2017, the permanent urban population exceeded 800 million, and the proportion of the total population (urbanization rate) was 58.52 percent, an increase of 1.17 percentage points from the end of the previous year.

Experts believe that the urbanization rate of China’s permanent urban population is still far away from that in developed countries, which is 80 percent in average. But it means that there will be huge potential released from the process of urbanization, which is also beneficial to economic development.

4. 剩男剩女 Leftovers

根据国家卫计委家庭司编著的《中国家庭发展报告（2015）》，我国未婚男性多集中在农村地区，而未婚女性则多集中在城镇地区。在一些贫困地区，一些大龄男性因择偶困难，“被迫”未婚甚至终身不婚。而在30岁及以上的各个年龄组未婚人口中，城镇未婚女性比例远高于农村女性，主要是部分城镇女性受教育程度和经济独立性较高，因追求自我价值的实现和职业发展而推迟结婚。

According to the report released in 2015 by the former National Health and Family Planning Commission, most unmarried men in China live in rural areas, while unmarried women are in urban areas.

Considering the gaps between urban and rural areas in China, the report also points out in some impoverished areas, some men are even “forced” to remain unmarried for life. But as for the group of 30 years old and above, the proportion of unmarried women in urban areas is much higher than that their counterparts in rural areas. The main reason is that with higher levels of education and economic independence, women living in urban areas may postpone marriage to pursue career development.

5.离婚人口 Divorced population

民政部《2016年社会服务发展统计公报》数据显示，2016年办理结婚登记1142.8万对，比上年下降6.7%，结婚率为8.3‰。25-29岁办理结婚人数最多。2016年办理离婚手续的共有415.8万对，离婚率为3.0‰。自2002年以来，我国离婚人数已经连续15年增长。相关统计显示，80后为离婚主力人群。

According to statistics from Ministry of Civil Affairs, 11.428 million couples registered for marriage in 2016, a 6.7 percent decrease from the previous year, and the marriage rate was 8.3 per thousand.

In the same year, a total of 4.158 million couples filed for divorce, indicating a divorce rate of 3.0 per thousand. The number of divorces in China has increased for 15 consecutive years since 2002. The post-80s generation has the highest divorce rate.

6.抑郁症 Depression

2017年世界卫生组织报告显示，中国有超过5400万人患有抑郁症，患病率为4.2%。高发人群包括：处于人生青春期、更年期、老年期阶段的人群；人际关系不良、分居、独居的人群；处于高度压力的人群；患有躯体疾病或慢性疾病的人等。随着社会经济快速发展，工作、生活压力不断加剧，在中国，职业人群逐步成为抑郁症发病的重灾区。

The World Health Organization estimates that 322 million people of all ages suffer from depression in the world. According to a WHO report released in 2017, more than 54 million people (4.2% of the population) in China suffer from depression.

The findings also suggest that major depressive disorders are positively associated with poor interpersonal relationship, stressful life, as well as physical and mental disease.

As the pressure from work and life keeps growing in China, the prevalence of depression in professionals are reportedly high.

7.近视眼 Myopia boom

根据国家卫生健康委在今年全国爱眼日上发布的消息，我国近视患病人数超过4.5亿人，已居世界首位。青少年是发病主体，呈现发病早，进展快，程度深的特征。其中，小学生近视发病率约为30%，大学生约为90%。在诱发近视的三大因素（遗传、环境和营养）中，环境因素作用更大。不良光线、姿势不正确、用眼时间太长等，都会在一定程度上诱发近视。

More than 450 million Chinese suffer from myopia (shortsightedness), according to statistics made public this month.

The myopia rates are around 30 percent for primary school students, 60 percent for junior middle-school students, 80 percent for senior high middle-school students, and 90 percent for college students. Chinese are suffering myopia at an earlier age with higher diopters, and the population of myopia sufferers keeps growing.

8. 公务员 Civil servants

1994年，我国的公务员考录制度正式建立。根据《2015年人力资源与社会保障事业发展统计公报》，截至2015年底，全国共有公务员716.7万人。

2018年度国家公务员考试报名，共有165.97万人通过用人单位的资格审查，通过资格审查人数与录用计划数之比为58：1。

According to statistics from the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security, the number of candidates taking the National Public Servant Exam in China reached a seven-year high in 2018.

More than 120 central authorities and their agencies plan to recruit 28,500 people, while a total of 1,659,700 people passed the qualification examination, meaning they can take the exam. The ratio of qualified candidates to hired candidates is about 58:1.

9. 歪果仁 Foreigners in China

教育部数据显示，2017年，共有48.92万名来自204个国家和地区的各类外国留学人员在我国高等院校学习，规模增速连续两年保持在10%以上，中国已成为亚洲最大留学目的国。

随着越来越多的外籍人士来华求学、就业、定居、发展，外国人永久居留制度也在不断完善。

自2018年4月挂牌成立以来，国家移民管理局实施优化外国人申请永久居留审核流程，两个月内共批准1881名符合条件的外籍人士在华永久居留，相当于2017年全年审批总量。

According to the official figures released by the Ministry of Education, more than 489,200 international students furthered their studies in China in 2017, an increase of over 10 percent for the second consecutive year, making China the biggest Asian country for oversea students.

China's State Immigration Administration (SIA) formally began operation on April 2. Since then, 1,881 foreigners have received their Chinese green cards over the last two months thanks to the optimization of the application process. The number is equivalent to the total number issued in 2017.

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